Individual autonomous vehicles can move loads, but a fleet of them will deadlock, congest, starve workstations, or collide without an orchestration layer. This recipe solves the multi-agent coordination problem: assigning the right vehicle to the right task, routing it without conflict, and synchronizing handoffs with conveyors, docks, and human stations.
A centralized fleet controller receives transport requests from the warehouse execution layer (e.g., "move pallet from receiving lane 3 to reserve rack B-12-04"). It evaluates vehicle availability, battery state, and proximity, then dispatches the optimal vehicle. A path planner computes collision-free routes across a shared map, reserving zone segments to prevent deadlocks. At transfer points (conveyor infeed, dock door, pick station), the controller coordinates PLC handshakes — the vehicle docks, the PLC grants transfer permission, and the move completes. Battery management logic routes vehicles to charging stations during idle windows. The VDA 5050 communication standard enables heterogeneous fleets from multiple manufacturers to operate under a single controller.
Multi-agent path-planning solver + centralized fleet controller (VDA 5050-compliant) + real-time location system (SLAM, LiDAR, or UWB) + PLC interface layer for transfer station handshakes + battery management system + fleet analytics dashboard.
A single-source-of-truth transactional record that tracks every inventory unit's identity, quantity, location, lot, and status in real time.
Transport requests reference inventory positions tracked in the ledger.
System-directed rules that assign inbound stock to optimal storage locations and trigger forward-pick-area refills before stockouts occur.
Putaway and replenishment tasks are primary consumers of AGV transport missions.
AMRs collaborate alongside human workers — guiding pick paths, transporting carts — eliminating travel while preserving human judgment and dexterity.
A virtual replica of the physical warehouse continuously synchronized with real-world data and used for simulation, what-if analysis.
Automated fulfillment model in which storage units are transported by robots or ASRS to stationary human pick stations.
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